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Humane Foundation
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Topic hub · Animals & Rights

Cows & the Dairy Industry

Milk production depends on a continuous cycle of pregnancy and separation. This hub follows the dairy supply chain — calf separation, mastitis and lameness, cull rates, and the plant-based milks reshaping the category.

Stories
55
Writers
31
Reading time
169m
Desks
3
Senior consumer examining calf separation label on dairy carton for welfare transparency
Featured Stories

Calf Separation Labels Decoded: What 'Certified Humane' Actually Means for Older Consumers 2025

A transparency breakdown of welfare labels for calf separation and veal production, tailored for consumers over 60 seeking supply-chain accountability.

By Eleanor Whitaker · 6 min read

Stories in this hub

Related Reading

Frequently asked questions

Do dairy cows have to be pregnant to give milk?
Yes. Dairy cows are inseminated roughly annually so that lactation continues; their calves are typically removed within hours to days of birth.
What happens to male dairy calves?
Male calves have no milk value and are usually raised for veal or beef, or killed shortly after birth depending on the market.

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Read across the whole subject

Compare explainers, investigations and practical guidance within this hub. A shared topic does not mean every result is interchangeable: check the species, country, date and methods behind each claim.

Reference sources

Egrets in a coastal wetland.
Egrets in a coastal wetland.

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