Humane Foundation
Topic hub · Animals & Rights

Fish, Aquaculture & Ocean Life

Trillions of aquatic animals are killed each year — more than all land animals combined — with almost no welfare law covering them. This hub tracks fish sentience research, farmed fish welfare, bycatch and overfishing.

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A macro photograph of an octopus's complex horizontal eye, its textured skin shimmering with color, suggesting a deep and observant consciousness.
Featured Stories

The Crawl Towards Conscience: We Can No Longer Ignore Invertebrate Pain

New scientific consensus and landmark legislation are forcing a moral reckoning with how we treat crabs, octopuses, and lobsters, challenging our long-held definitions of sentience.

By Dr. Aris Thorne · 6 min read

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Frequently asked questions

Do fish feel pain?
The scientific consensus supports nociception and pain-like states in fish, including behavioural responses to analgesics.
Is farmed fish better for the ocean?
Not necessarily — many farmed carnivorous species are fed wild-caught fish, so aquaculture can increase pressure on wild stocks.

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