The High-Seas Treaty, officially known as the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) agreement, is a historic international instrument aimed at conserving marine biodiversity in the high seas. Adopted in 2023, it marks a significant step towards sustainability and balanced ocean use.
What does the High-Seas Treaty do?
The High-Seas Treaty introduces several measures to protect and sustainably use marine biodiversity in the high seas. Key provisions include:
Key provisions
- 1
Conservation and Sustainable Use
Establishes measures to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity, including marine protected areas.
- 2
Marine Genetic Resources
Regulates the access to and sharing of benefits from marine genetic resources.
- 3
Environmental Impact Assessment
Promotes environmental impact assessments for activities in the high seas.
- 4
Capacity-building and Technology Transfer
Encourages capacity-building and technology transfer to developing countries.
Who does it cover?
The High-Seas Treaty applies to all states and relevant international organizations. It covers marine genetic resources and any activities that impact or could impact marine biodiversity in the high seas.
Who does it exclude?
The treaty does not exclude anyone but sets out principles and measures to ensure that activities in the high seas are sustainable and do not negatively impact marine biodiversity. It encourages all stakeholders to participate in its implementation.
Enforcement record and reform proposals
As of now, the treaty has been signed by 136 states but has yet to enter into force. Once in force, it will establish a secretariat to facilitate implementation and a meeting of the parties to review progress and make decisions. Reform proposals focus on strengthening enforcement mechanisms and ensuring the effective participation of developing countries.
| Agreement | Scope | Conservation Measures | Governance |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNCLOS | Includes high seas | Limited conservation measures | Establishes national jurisdictions |
| Bonn Convention | Focuses on migratory species | Establishes protected areas | Has a secretariat and meetings of the parties |
| High-Seas Treaty | Focuses on high seas | Establishes conservation measures | Establishes a secretariat and meeting of the parties |
Growth in ocean-related international agreements since 1980
“The High-Seas Treaty is a significant step towards ensuring the long-term sustainability of our oceans. It's an opportunity for us to protect our blue planet for future generations.”
Frequently asked questions
When will the High-Seas Treaty enter into force?+
The treaty will enter into force 12 months after it has been ratified by 60 states, including at least 40 coastal states.
How does the treaty address the issue of deep-sea mining?+
The treaty establishes a framework for the regulation of deep-sea mining, including a two-year moratorium on the issuance of new contracts while a regulatory framework is developed.
How can individuals contribute to the implementation of the High-Seas Treaty?+
Individuals can contribute by raising awareness about the importance of ocean conservation, advocating for the implementation of the treaty, and supporting organizations that work to protect the oceans.
